Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a efficient technology for wastewater treatment due to their ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, membrane bioreactor nutrients, and microorganisms. To optimize the performance of these systems, several key factors need to be thoroughl

PVDF membrane bioreactors offer promising results in wastewater treatment applications. Comprehensive studies have investigated the performance of these systems regarding various parameters, including removal efficiency for contaminants. Results indicate that PVDF membrane bioreactors successfully remove a wide range of contaminants from wastewater